ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESORTS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

	ISSN 2223-165X
	Izvestiya SOIGSI

Home Editorial board Publication ethics Current Information Archive Peer review guidelines Contacts Address: Pr. Mira, 10, Vladikavkaz, 362040, RNO-A, Russia E-mail: soigsi@mail.ru	DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2026.99.60.010 ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESORTS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES Mirzoeva, Svetlana G. Izvestia SOIGSI. 2026. Issue 60 (99). P.5-16. Abstract: The inclusion of the North Caucasus within the Russian Empire led to an expansion of the sphere of activities of the new authorities in the region. One of its important areas was the orga¬nization and development of local resorts. From the second half of the 19th century, the process of transformation began in the resort towns of Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, and Pyatigorsk. Russian military personnel began organizing the management of North Caucasus resorts. The im¬provement of the resorts was carried out not only by government officials fulfilling their duties, but also by private individuals. The relevance of the problem of developing resorts in the North Caucasus is obvious. In the current political climate, issues of developing internal tourism in the Russian Federation and improving public health in domestic health resorts have been elevated to the government level. Therefore, the need to study the history of the organization, management and development of recreational areas in the North Caucasus is beyond doubt. Accordingly, the aim of the work is to analyze the process of formation and development of the management system of the mineral water resorts group, identifying new methods and forms of management in historical retrospect. For the first time, an analysis of the transformation of the management system of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was conduct¬ed, examining the policy of the central authorities on resort sphere and their efforts aimed at finding optimal mechanisms for control over the balneological zone: from private management to the strict subordination of southern Russian health resorts to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire. The study is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, which are determined by the specific historical conditions of the region’s development and the use of reliable historical sources, including the highest legislative acts and orders of the central authorities and decisions of the local administration. Historical-systemic and problem-chronological methods were used. It is shown that, thanks to the special attention of the authorities and management of the waters, by the early 20th century, the resort industry in southern Russia demonstrated significant growth. The clinics were equipped with modern appointments, the quality of mineral waters was analyzed more thoroughly, and the professionalism of the attending physicians increased, which was made possible by also the control of the resort management. Keywords: North Caucasus, resorts, Caucasian Mineral Waters, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, sanatoriums, spas, health resorts. Language:: Russian Download the full text For citation:: Mirzoeva S.G. Organization and development of resorts in the North Caucasus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries // Izvestiya SOIGSI. 2026. Iss. 60 (99). Pp.5-16. (in Russian). DOI 10.46698/VNC.2026.99.60.010 + References 1. Krasnokutskaya, L.I. Upravlenie Kavkazskimi Mineral’nymi Vodami [Management of the Caucasian Mineral Waters]. Pyatigorsk, Vestnik Kavkaza, 2004. 160 p. 2. Bogoslovsky, V.S. Pyatigorskie i s nimi smezhnye mineral’nye vody. Sostavleno po sovremennym istochnikam i lichnym nablyudeniyam V.S. Bogoslovskogo, dotsenta po mineral’nym vodam pri Moskovskom universitete [Pyatigorsk and adjacent Mineral Waters. Compiled by contemporary sources and personal observations of V.S. Bogoslovsky, associate professor of mineral waters at Moscow University]. Moscow, Universitetskaya tip., 1881. 288 p. 3. Munayev, V.S. Deyatel’nost’ M.S. Vorontsova na Kavkaze v 1844-1854 gg. [M.S. Vorontsov’s activities in the Caucasus in 1844-1854]. Voprosy istorii [Questions of History]. 2010, no. 10, pp. 105-118. 4. Kotlyarevich, A.N. Deyatel’nost’ A.I. Chernysheva v 1825–1852 gg.: ot Sledstvennogo komiteta do Voennogo ministerstva [A.I. Chernyshev’s Activities in 1825–1852: From the Investigative Committee to the Ministry of War]. Kultura i bezopasnost’ [Culture and Security]. 2022, no. 2, pp. 89–94. 5. Batalin, F.A. Pyatigorskii krai i Kavkazskie Mineral’nye vody. S al’bomom mestnykh planov i vidov. Khud. N. Medvedev; litograf. E. Tsitsera [The Pyatigorsk Region and the Caucasian Mineral Waters. With an Album of Local Plans and Views. Artist N. Medvedev; lithographs by E. Tsitser]. St. Petersburg, Tip. Depart. udelov, 1861, part 1. 420 p. 6. Nikolaev, P. Vospominaniya o knyaze A.I. Baryatinskom [Memories of Prince A.I. Baryatinsky]. Istoricheskii vestnik [Historical Bulletin]. 1885, no. 12, pp. 619–644. 7. Prozritelev, G.N. Pervye russkie poseleniya na Severnom Kavkaze i v nyneshnei Stavropol’skoi gubernii [The first Russian settlements in the North Caucasus and in present-day Stavropol Province]. Stavropol, Tip. Gub. Pravleniya, 1912. 605 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.prlib.ru/item/436738 8. Kulibin, S. Ocherki istorii razvitiya Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod (1817–1895 g.) [Essays on the history of the development of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (1817–1895)]. St. Petersburg, Tip. Kirshbauma, 1896. 198 p. 9. Yakovkina, E.I. Zamechatel’nye lyudi na Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh vodakh [Remarkable people in the Caucasian Mineral Waters]. Stavropol, Kn. izd-vo, 1962. 209 p. 10. O peredache Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod na soderzhaniye N.A. Novosel’skomu na osnovanii utverzhdennykh pravil [On the transfer of the Caucasian Mineral Waters for N.A. Novoselsky’s maintenance on the basis of the approved rules]. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archive]. Fund 1268. Inventory 26. Case 14. Lists 153–174. 11. Belozerova, E.V. Gosudarstvenno-pravovaya politika Rossiiskoi imperii v otnoshenii kurortov Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod [State and legal policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters] [Electronic resource]. URL: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01004840640 12. Ocherki istorii Stavropol’skogo kraya. V 2-kh t. [Essays on the history of the Stavropol Region. In 2 vols]. Stavropol, Kn. izd-vo, 1986, vol. 1. 379 p. 13. Seregina, O.I. Kurorty Severnogo Kavkaza v voennoi, ekonomicheskoi i kul’turnoi zhizni Rossii kontsa XVIII – nachala XX vekov [Resorts of the North Caucasus in the military, economic, and cultural life of Russia in the late 18th – early 20th centuries]. Candidate dissertation (in History). Stavropol, 2003. 208 p. 14. Navasardova, E.S. K voprosu ob upravlenii kurortom “Kavkazskie Mineral’nye Vody” (istoriko-pravovoi analiz) [On the issue of management of the resort “Caucasian Mineral Waters” (historical and legal analysis)]. Obshchestvo i pravo [Society and Law]. 2012, no. 4 (41), pp. 107–111. 15. Narochnitsky, A.L., Gadzhiev, V.G., Gritsenko, N.P. Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza s XIX veka do 1917 goda [History of the peoples of the North Caucasus from the 19th century to 1917]. Moscow, Nauka, 1988. 659 p. 16. O Vremennom poryadke zavedovaniya Kavkazskimi mineral’nymi vodami [On the temporal order of management of Caucasian Mineral Waters]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 3-e (PSZRI-III) [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Assembly 3rd (CCLRI)]]. St. Petersburg, Gos. tip., 1886, vol. III, no. 1896, pp. 480-481. 17. Svistunov, A.P. Predpolozheniya ob ustroistve Kavkazskikh mineral’nykh vod [Assumptions on the organization of the Caucasian Mineral Waters]. Pyatigorsk, Tip. Baikova, 1880. 117 p. 18. Borisov, P. Otchet po lechebnitse Sv. Ol’gi za 1872 g. [Report on the St. Olga’s Hospital for 1872]. Sbornik materialov dlya izucheniya Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod [Collection of materials for the study of the Caucasian Mineral Waters]. St. Petersburg, Tip. F.S. Sushchinskogo, 1875, vol. 2. 503 p. 19. Ilin, M.V., Khlapov, A.L., Pershina, N.K. Pravovoe regulirovanie kurortnogo dela. (Istoriko-pravovoi analiz) [Legal regulation of the spa business. (Historical and legal analysis)]. Vestnik Ivanovskoi meditsinskoi akademii [Ivanovo Medical Academy Bulletin]. 2012, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 5-9. 20. Kopylova, E.E. Stanovlenie i razvitie voenno-meditsinskoi sluzhby na Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vodakh (1803–2007) [Formation and development of the military medical service in the Caucasian Mineral Waters (1803–2007)]. Essentuki, Izdatelskii Dom, 2007. 222 p. 21. Panteleev, I.Ya. Ocherk istorii izucheniya i razvitiya Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod [An essay on the history of the study and development of the Caucasian Mineral Waters]. Moscow, Gosgeoltekhizdat, 1955. 204 p. 22. Sbornik pravitel’stvennykh rasporyazhenii po kazach’im voiskam za 1890 god [Collection of Government Orders on Cossack Troops for 1890]. St. Petersburg, Glav. upr. irreguliar. voisk, 1891, vol. XXXII. 466 p. 23. Zapiski russkogo bal’neologicheskogo obshchestva v Pyatigorske [Notes of the Russian Balneological Society in Pyatigorsk]. Pyatigorsk, 1898, no. 4. 227 p. 24. Ob Upravlenii Kavkazskikh mineral’nykh vod i ob utverzhdenii shtata sego Upravleniya [On the Administration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and on the Approval of the Staff of this Administration]. PSZRI-III [CCLRI-III]. St. Petersburg, Gos. tip., 1899, vol. XVI, part 1, no. 12631, pp. 184-185. 25. Chegodaeva, D.L. Obshchestvennye organizatsii Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh Vod i ikh vklad v razvitie kurortov [Public organizations of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and their contribution to resorts development]. Pyatigorsk, Bekskii Dom, 2003. 124 p. 26. Prozritelev, G.N. Stavropol’skaya guberniya v istoricheskom, khozyaistvennom i bytovom otnosheniyakh [Stavropol province in historical, economic, and everyday aspects]. Stavropol, Proletarii, 1925. 51 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.skunb.ru 27. Boglachev, S.V. Arkhitektura starogo Pyatigorska [Architecture of old Pyatigorsk]. Pyatigorsk, SNEG, 2012. 520 p. 28. Grigorev, Kh.A. Chernetsov, A.I. Mineral’nye istochniki Severnogo Kavkaza i ikh gidrologicheskoe ispol’zovanie [Mineral springs of the North Caucasus and their hydrological use]. Moscow, Nedra, 2010. 122 p. 29. Peredelsky, A.G. Gorod Pyatigorsk v mediko-topograficheskom otnoshenii [The city of Pyatigorsk in medical and topographical terms]. St. Petersburg, Tip. Shtaba Otdel’nogo korpusa zhandarmov, 1910. 160 p. 30. Russkoe Bal’neologicheskoe Obshchestvo v Pyatigorske [Russian Balneological Society in Pyatigorsk]. Pyatigorsk, Izdatelskii Dom, 2013. 512 p. 31. Ermolov, A.S. K voprosu o pereustroistve Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh vod, v svyazi s obshchim polozheniem bal’neologicheskogo dela v Rossii i za granitsei [On the issue of reorganization of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, in connection with the general situation of balneology in Russia and abroad]. St. Petersburg, [n.p.], 1898. 150 p. 32. Filatova, Z.V. Kurorty Kavkazskikh Mineral’nykh vod v 1900-1905 gg.: faktory ustoichivogo razvitiya [Caucasian Mineral Waters Resorts in 1900-1905: factors of sustainable development]. Vestnik ekspertnogo soveta [Expert Council Bulletin]. 2015, no. 2 (2), pp. 104-110. ← Contents of issue


	Home \| Editorial board \| Publication ethics \| Current \| Information \| Archive \| Peer review guidelines \|
	© 2026 Известия СОИГСИ