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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2021.78.39.009
BANDITRY AND ANTI-SOVIET ARMED UNDERGROUND IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN 1942–1944: THE CASE OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA
Apazheva, Elena Kh. , Tatarov, Azamat A.
Izvestia SOIGSI. 2021. IIS 39 (78).
Abstract:
The article investigates the phenomenon of banditry, which is traditionally understood as both
criminal offenses and the politically motivated anti-Soviet armed underground in the context of
the Great Patriotic War. The research methods are based on the analysis of the Soviet political
and legal terminology of the 1920s – 1940s, as well as estimated positions and quantitative data
in documents and references. The exploration of the case of Kabardino-Balkaria, a republic that
suffered front-line hostilities, Nazi occupation, deportation of one of the titular ethnic groups, opens
up the possibility of tracing the factors influencing both the dynamics of crime and accounting for its
number. The authors demonstrate contradictions in quantitative data on banditry in the documents
of the security agencies and army reports. In view of the fact there was no clear line between
political banditry and crimes against the management and economic order before and during the
Great Patriotic War, the conditions of the war largely politicized the manifestations of local crime.
The authors point out that mixing of criminal and political banditry influenced the structure and
content of information on the political situation in Soviet national autonomies. In the case of the
deported Balkar people, the accusations of mass betrayal and the estimation of the banditry levels
are associated with certain factors – the residence of Balkars in the mountainous part of the republic,
which traditionally attracted offenders of different nationalities; the impact of deportation planning
on the process of drafting documents on banditry. It is argued that in the rear front in Kabardino-
Balkaria, Nazi German sabotage groups did not have a significant impact on the development of the
armed underground in the most active phase of its development in 1942-1944.
Keywords: Kabardino-Balkaria, anti-Soviet armed underground, criminal banditry, political banditry, German sabotage operations
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