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ISSN 2223-165X
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Izvestiya SOIGSI |
ContactsAddress: Pr. Mira, 10, Vladikavkaz,
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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2021.78.39.007 TOWARDS THE CULTURAL TERM SANSKR. GODHMA, GODHUMA SEMANTIC RECONSTRUCTION
Ivanenko, Alexandr V.
Izvestia SOIGSI. 2021. IIS 39 (78).
Abstract:
In the article we make an attempt to reconstruct the Sanskrit cultural term, which in past meant at first the wild and then cultural sorts of the wheat Triticum aestivum. The material that analyzed allows examining the Sanskr. go-dhma ‘wheat’ as derivative from the gaudhūma ‘bran’ ← ‘the cow wheat (as the bran designation)’. THe author’s Sanskr. go-dhma ‘wheat’ semantics explanation is grounded on our explanation of this one as the ‘self-damping’ ~ I.-E. dheh2-, *dheh2-*dhuh2- ‘to smoke, to emit fumes, gasp, become excited’. Concerning the origin of the Iran. *gantuma, *ganduma ‘wheat’ were came out some suggestions. The most probable version of the composite origin we consider such one: the Indo-Ar. *go-dhma ‘wheat’ could be loaned in the Iranian language and was adopted under the influence of the Iran. *gand-: *gad- ‘to make bad, spoilt’ and / or *gad- ‘bad, ugly, nasty; to soil, spoil гадить’. The Iranian word can be characterize the wheat as the ‘weed wheat, that damaging on the cultural wheat’ and reflecting realities of the agricultural life in this way as well. Also such composite interpretations are probable: 1) borrowing the Indo-Arian form with nasal infix *gondhuma (‹ godhuma) ‘wheat’ into the Iranian language after the Arian commonality dividing by the Indo-Arians and the Iranians; 2) borrowing the word from the Indo-Arian dialects to the Scythian in regions, bordered upon the Indo-Arian language areal or in lands, where Indo-Arian languages had functioned up to the phonetic d › δ › l transformation beginning (VIII-VII B.C.). But in this case we can say about the East-Iranian (= Scythian, probably – Sakan) preform reconstruction only; 3) proper Iranian origin of the composite Iran. *ganduma ‘wheat’ ‹ *ga(n)d- (with the different meanings) + duma ‘wheat’, which general sense mast be defined with the *ga(n)d-semantic.
Keywords: etymology, semantic reconstruction, cultural term, agricultural terminology
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