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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2021.81.42.013
DIALECTICS OF A MYTH AS ACADEMICIAN A. VESELOVSKY’S METHOD OF STUDYING EVOLUTION AND GENESIS OF ART FORMS
Govenko, Tatyana V.
Izvestia SOIGSI. 2021. IIS 42 (81).
Abstract:
The article analyzes the methodological views on the myth of the outstanding Russian
scientist A.N. Veselovsky (1838-1906). Mythological issues became for Veselovsky one of the
central in his young years, when he worked on the graduation work, and turned into his
lifelong priority. This is evidenced by his research of both theoretical and comparative historical
nature about the international folklore, medieval literature and literature of late centuries. By
refusing to follow the canons of the “mythological school”, the scientist set himself the task
of developing a new method of scientific analysis, which allowed to study the evolution and
genesis of artistic forms with formal and ideological as well as meaningful points of view.
In this article, we set ourselves the task of collecting judgments of Veselovsky about myth, to
evaluate their theoretical potential and prove that the dialectic of myth is that very method,
thanks to which he created a unique verification system for explaining historical changes
to such a phenomenon as poetry. The most important for our topic is the scholar’s diploma
work (1857), critical reviews «Notes and doubts about the comparative study of the medieval
epic» (1868), «Comparative mythology and its method» (1873), theoretical articles «From the
introduction to historical poetics. Questions and Answers» (1894), «From the history of the
epithet» (1895), «Psychological parallelism and its form in the reflection of the poetic style»
(1898), «Syncretism of ancient poetry and the beginning of differentiation of poetic labor»
(1899), including works of Veselovsky unpublished during his lifetime: «Excursions in the
Fiction» (1913), «Definition of Poetry» (1959) and others.
Keywords: A.N. Veselovsky, myth, folklore, symbol, motive, plot, mythopoetics
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