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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2022.82.43.012

I.V. BAEV AND ISSUES OF THE STATE AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA: BETWEEN FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER 1917.

Darchieva, Svetlana V.
Izvestia SOIGSI. 2022. IIS 43 (82).
Abstract:
For the first time, unpublished materials of a lawyer, barrister and public figure I.V. Baev
“The Crisis of Power” and “Socio-Political Letters. Fundamentals of federalism” are present
in this publication. Baev analyzes the situation that had developed in Russia by the autumn
of 1917, expresses his own view on the causes, nature and consequences of the revolutionary
events that took place in the country, and proposes a program of necessary transformations
aimed at creating a democratic federal state in Russia. According to Baev, the basis of the
state and political structure of Russia should be the principle of federalism. According to Baev,
federalism is a state-legal union in which there is a strong single federal center regulated by a
single public law. Baev was a supporter of direct elections, a system of universal suffrage and the
creation of a bicameral parliament, designed to ensure a balance of central and local (including
national) interests in a future state of law. Regional autonomy, according to Baev, was a means
of integrating national cultures within the framework of a single civil society and the rule of
law. Contrary to the position of the official Soviet historiography, Izmail Vasilyevich Baev was
not a representative of the bourgeois-nationalist and chauvinist-minded intelligentsia. On the
contrary, Baev recognized the great importance of the cultural and historical influence of the
Russian people on the peoples that make up Russia, and advocated the need to preserve the
North Caucasus as part of Russia. Speaking at the very beginning of his political biography as a
convinced Marxist, Baev later switched to a liberal-democratic platform and believed that the
creation of a strong constitutional state was possible only through democratic reforms.
Keywords: I.V. Baev, Russian Empire, political parties, Constituent Assembly, South- Eastern Union of Cossack troops, Caucasian mountain people and free peoples of the steppes
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