Dzalaeva, Kamila R.
Izvestia SOIGSI. 2022. IIS 46 (85).

Abstract:
In the second half of the XIX – early XX century the agricultural development of the North
Caucasian territories by the Russian Empire acted, on the one hand, as one of the mechanisms for
establishing Russian statehood in the region, and on the other hand, as a way to strengthen the state
economy by absorbing new resources and expanding sales markets. The Terek region was included in this
process comprehensively. Post-reform modernization created additional impulses for the development
and transformation of established types of economic activity and contributed to the involvement of
the population in the areas of agricultural production that were more in demand by the time and the
economic situation. Viticulture and winemaking, previously well known to the inhabitants of the Terek
region, but previously at a low level, began to gain popularity. The economic potential of these industries
made them attractive to the state interested in their promotion and progress. In the conditions of the
Terek region, the production of grapes and the production of wine were carried out with varying success,
falling into the rank of one of the most prosperous, then one of the most crisis industries. In modern
political and economic conditions, which require the mobilization of domestic resources and the import
substitution of many goods with domestic ones, the appeal to the historical experience of viticulture
and winemaking seems to be very relevant. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the
formation of viticulture and winemaking in the Terek region in the process of agricultural development
of the North Caucasian territories in the post-reform period. The methodological basis is represented
by comparative-historical, system-structural and civilizational approaches. The study is based on the
principles of historicism, integrity and objectivity. In the course of the study the following results were
obtained: in the development of viticulture and winemaking as promising agricultural sectors, the state
itself was primarily interested; the efficiency of the processes of cultivation and processing of grapes
depended on a number of natural and historical factors; for a number of localities of the Terek region,
these agricultural sectors were the basis of the well-being of the population, actively involved in all
stages of the production process; as a result of a whole complex of systemic errors, despite the rich
potential, viticulture and winemaking entered a period of protracted crisis; the intervention of the state,
which took a number of exceptional measures, not only saved the industries that were so in demand
by the economy from complete decline, but also contributed to their further progressive development.

Keywords: Terek region, North Caucasus, agricultural industry, development of territories, viticulture, winemaking, dissemination of agricultural knowledge

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