TRANSFORMATION OF LEZGINS SETTLEMENT CULTURE IN THE XIX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES

	ISSN 2223-165X
	Izvestiya SOIGSI

Home Editorial board Publication ethics Current Information Archive Peer review guidelines Contacts Address: Pr. Mira, 10, Vladikavkaz, 362040, RNO-A, Russia E-mail: soigsi@mail.ru	DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2025.94.55.001 TRANSFORMATION OF LEZGINS SETTLEMENT CULTURE IN THE XIX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES Razakhanov, Said S. Izvestia SOIGSI. 2025. Issue 55 (94). P.58-74. Abstract: The article describes the settlement culture of the Lezgins in various historical periods and analyzes the transformations that took place in it based on field ethnographic material, literary sources and Internet resources, as well as general scientific and special methods of history and ethnology. The settlements were closely connected with the economic and cultural type of the Lezgin ethnic group. Changes in the types and forms of settlement and resettlement of the Lezgins were dictated by the socio-economic and socio-political processes that took place in Dagestan and Russia. In the 19th – early 20th centuries, three types of settlements (villages, hamlets and farmsteads) were common among the Lezgins: “khyur”, kazmalyar and kyshlag, “oba”. The settlement form was clustered. The settlements consisted of several quarters (“myagle”), populated by patronymics (“tukhum”). The topographic division of the village into quarters was combined with the patronymic division, and the godekan acted as the social, religious and economic center of the quarter and the village. During the Soviet era, significant changes occurred in the types and forms of Lezgin settlements. The settlement type was defined as a «Soviet village». The construction of new quarters of settlements was planned and systematic. The settlement form was combined – clustered (in the old part of the settlement) and horizontal (in its new part). The development of Lezgin settlements in the modern period was greatly influenced by the socio-cultural processes of the late 20th – first quarter of the 21st century, which changed individual components of the settlement culture to varying degrees: some of them disappeared, some remained, and new elements appeared. A modern Lezgin village is a complex of administrative, cultural, residential and business buildings with a horizontal, block-street settlement layout. It still maintains the division of the village into blocks inhabited by representatives of different tukhums. In general, modern types and forms of settlement and resettlement of Lezgins can be called eclectic and combined: they combine both preserved traditional elements and innovations (division by blocks and streets, developed administrative and economic, cultural and every day, engineering and sanitary infrastructure). Keywords: Lezgins of Dagestan, settlement culture, transformations, new, Soviet and modern times. Language:: Russian Download the full text For citation:: Razakhanov, S.S. Transformation of Lezgins settlement culture in the XIX – early XXI centuries // Izvestiya SOIGSI. 2025. Iss. 55 (94). Pp.58-74. (in Russian). DOI 10.46698/VNC.2025.94.55.001 + References 1. Rakh, Kh.Yu. Poselenie [Settlement]. Material’naya kul’tura: svod etnograficheskkh ponyatii i terminov [Material culture: a set of ethnographic concepts and terms]. Moscow, Nauka, 1989, iss. 3, pp. 144–145. 2. Kobychev, V.P. Poseleniya i zhilishcha narodov Severnogo Kavkaza v XIX–XX vv. [Settlements and dwellings of the peoples of the North Caucasus in the 19th– 20th centuries.]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982. 195 p. 3. Vitov, M.V. O klassifikatsii poselenii [On the classification of settlements]. Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet Ethnography]. 1953, no. 3, pp. 34–36. 4. Agashirinova, S.S. Poseleniya lezgin v XIX – nachale XX v. [Lezgin settlements in the 19th – early 20th centuries]. 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